

So I sat down with Paul Franklin and his team at Double Negative in London, and we said that we would portray a black hole the way it would actually be seen if you had a camera up close to it. Thorne: Yes – and they are explained by Einstein's equations. Nolan: They are things that you understand very well… Thorne: Black holes are things that we understand very, very well. Can you talk a little bit about how that came about? : Your visualization of the black hole was brilliant - it was new, it was different, it was complicated. I think that the future of the human race is to spread through the universe, and now is the time that we should be laying the foundations for that. So that some cosmic event, and we considered many of them, might extinguish us so quickly … it seems only practical that we get out there and see what else is out there. Whether you like us or don't, we're the only game in town.

But the only life that we are aware of in the universe is us. We talked about life in the universe, and by the time I was done with the project, I was convinced that it seems self-evident that there is other life out there. Kip and I spent one very memorable afternoon with a group of biologists and astrobiologists, considering all the different ways in which life could be extinguished from this planet … and the more urgent the question seemed, or the proposition seemed, that we find other perches in this universe. The answers kept coming back from Kip's friend Stephen Hawking and Elon Musk, emphasizing the reality of our situation, which is that humanity, for our entire history, has existed only in one very specific point in space-time. Jonathan Nolan: This was a question, as we worked on the film, resonated with me more and more.
